Our Climate Future: What Models Actually Project
Climate models project continued near-term warming, with greater heat and other risks as warming increases.
The Greenhouse Effect Explained Without the Fog
The greenhouse effect is the process by which gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor absorb and re-emit some infrared energy leaving…
Climate Impacts
Climate Change Around 2040: Reading the Projections
Climate change around 2040 means a warmer global climate with increasing heat hazards, continued sea-level rise and regionally different water-cycle…
Climate ImpactsClimate Change and Extreme Weather: What We Know
Human-caused climate change changes the likelihood or intensity of many extremes rather than acting as the sole cause of every event.
Essays
Climate Mitigation vs. Adaptation: Why We Need Both
Climate mitigation limits future change by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions or increasing durable removals.
Climate Scenarios Explained: Reading SSP Labels
Climate scenarios describe possible futures under stated assumptions, not forecasts of which future will occur.
How Does Climate Change Raise Sea Level?
Climate change raises global sea level mainly because seawater expands as it warms and because melting glaciers and ice sheets on land add water to the…
Keeling Curve Explained: Reading the CO2 Record
The Keeling Curve records atmospheric carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, beginning in 1958.
Weather vs. Climate: The Difference That Matters
Weather is the short-term state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place, including rain, wind, and temperature.